Anil Chemical Antiplaque 5 The positively charged chlorhexidine binds to negatively charged microbial cell surface. This is followed by disorganisation of cytoplasmic membrane. Low conentrations of chlorhexidine allows cytoplasmic constituents to leak out while high concentration coagulate them. It also inhibit the membrane ATP-ase and anaerobic process. Chlorhexidine adsorbs to the surface of oral tissues and reduces the adsorption of proteins to the tooth surfaces required for the formation of dental pellicle.
It has a great affinity for cell walls of micro-organisms and changes their surface structures. Adverse effects reported include staining of teeth, reversible desquamation in young children, alteration of taste, and an increase in supragingival calcified deposits.
Long term and microbiologic studies do not demonstrate the development of resistant strains. It can be applied as mouthrinses, gels, periodontal dressings and in-slow releasing devices. The most widely used topical fluorides are stannous flouride, acidulated phosphate fluoride and sodium fluoride.
Short term studies of stannous flouride have shown plaque reduction. It can be stated that stannous flouride has moderate substantivity; the antibacterial activity may be related to the stannous ion and a 0. Adverse effects were unpleasant taste and black flouride as a mouth wash has shown to reduce plaque growth and the effect appears to be synergistic.
The topical application of Hydrogen Peroxide22 rinses has been reported to redue plaque formation and gingivitis and arrest acute ulcerative gingivitis. Some studies have shown that a paste made of hydrogen peroxide and sodium bicarbonate can be effective for anti-microbial treatment of periodontal disease. Serious questions of safety have been raised with regard to chronic use.
The mechanism of action appears to be related to alteration of the bacterial cell wall. This product is unchaged and has a low substantivity. Adverse effects include burning sensation and bitter taste. It is available in a Listerine has been evaluated by numerous investigators for the control of both forming and performed plaque in both short and long term clinical studies with encouraging results.
Twice daily use of Clinical Antiplaque Agent as an adjuvant to oral hygiene appears to reduce or inhibit the development of supra-gingival dental plaque and gingival inflammation. Recommended usage is twice daily and the product is accepted by the ADA for the control of plaque and gingivitis. It is non-toxicc, freely water soluble and is used in a concentration of 0.
Generally these compounds have exhibited moderate degree of efficacy as anti-plaque agents. It demonstrates antiplaque activity, oral activity retention, and fluorescent properties. It has a high specificity for plaque. The cationic sanguinarine molecule chemically combines with plaque and remains detectable in the plaque for upto 4 hours after use.
It appears to alter the receptor sites in freshly formed pellicle, reducing the ability of bacterial to adhere to it. Rinsing with active solution appears to prevent both plaque formation and gingivitis, the effect being most marked at the buccal and lingual surfaces. Viadent oral rinse contain 0. One of the main motive for introducing sanguinarine extract has been based on the claim that it does not have the unacceptable bitter taste and staining properties of chlorhexidine.
Antiseptic mouthwash helps to reduce halitosis by decreasing the volatile sulphur compounds. Early investigations of Sodium Hexametaphosphate found that this compound could reduce or destroy kidney stones.
This factors led Kerr and Field to investigate its use to prevent calculus formation. Sodium Hexametaphosphate inhibit calculus formation. But the disadvantage is that this compound could cause complete dissolution of silicate restorations. Commercially available preparations viz. Mouth washes which inhibits crystal growth like sodium etedronate are also found to be effective.
Therefore one seeks chemical alternatives. Mouth washes should be used only to complement brushing and not to replace it. The development of safe and effective agents as mouth rinses offer a new dimension in therapy whih may result in predictable patient maintenance of healthy gingival tissue. Periodont Res. A longitudinal clinical trial. Dent Res. Special issue B, With the help of antiplaque and anticalculus agents. Chemical plaque control — Rationale. As used herein, percentages listed are weight percentage of composition unless otherwise specified.
Country of ref document: Application frequency is preferably from about 3 times weekly to about 4 times daily, more preferably from about once daily to about 3 times daily, more preferably still from about once to about twice daily. In this way, delivery of the antibacterial biphenol compounds is significantly improved thereby allowing increase in antiplaque activity of the oral composition or enabling a reduction in the amount of the antibacterial biphenol compound needed to achieve antiplaque activity.
Additionally, tetrahydromagnolol and tetrahydrohonokiol are hydrogenated analogs of magnolol and honokiol often found in relatively small concentrations in the extracts of magnolia, and as such may be included in the antibacterial ingredient.
Surfactants may also be used as solubilizing agents to help retain sparingly soluble components, e. In fact, if anything, the addition of a zinc ion source such as zinc oxide to compositions according to the present invention improves the delivery of the biphenol compound. In certain embodiments of the present invention, the antibacterial ingredient in the active composition comprises one or more active agentss that have been isolated from an extract of magnolia.
The oral care composition of claim 1, wherein the anticalculus agent consists essentially of a zinc ion source. Useful surfactants include anionic surfactants such as the water-soluble salts of alkyl sulfates having 10 to 18 carbon atoms in the alkyl radical and the water-soluble salts of sulfonated monoglycerides of fatty acids having 10 to 18 carbon atoms.
The compositions must be at a pH which is safe for contact with the tissues of the. Another optional component of xnticalculus oral carriers of the compositions of this invention is a humectant. If added, the antibacterial active ingredients it is desirable that the additive does not substantially detract from the efficacy and bioavailability of the tartar control agents or the active compound of the extract.
While the addition sodium sulfate alone Formula 11 did not impact anticalculjs delivery, such delivery was slightly improved in the presence of Zinc oxide Formula Oral care compositions according to the invention must be free at anticalclus of tetrasodium pyrophosphate. The amount of citrate anion suitable for the purposes of this invention is from about 0. This is especially true for many anticalculus systems.
In dentifrice compositions, the preferred amounts of citrate anion are from about 0. Water employed in the preparation of the commercially suitable compositions should preferably be of low ion content and free of organic impurities.
After one week he receives dental prophylaxis performed by his dentist. Suitable bleaching agents include organic and inorganic oxidizing agents such as hydrogen peroxide, alkali metal peroxides and superoxide and organic peroxides such as monoper- oxyphthalates and perbenzoic derivatives. The digestion produces both by-products which add to the plaque, and produces acid which erodes tooth enamel.
Other operative polymeric polycarboxylates include those disclosed in U. In common with other carrier components, in certain embodiments, the surfactant should be phosphate-free. Quantitative HPLC is performed by comparison with suitable standard solutions and the concentration of active substance on the disk is determined. During manufacture, the pH of the following. Dental abrasives useful in the topical, oral carriers of the compositions of this invention include many different materials.
EP Agentts code of ref document: Anti-sensitivity, anti-caries, anti-staining, anti-plaque, ultra-mild oral hygiene agent. Regular brushing aids in preventing a rapid build-up of these deposits, but even regular brushing is not sufficient to remove all anticwlculus the calculus deposits which adhere to the teeth.
Date of ref document: Phosphate-free oral care compositions based on Magnolia derived antibacterials. Replacing the phosphate containing anticalculus agent with a phosphate-free anticalculus agent such as a zinc salt provides an oral care composition which has anticalculus properties and enhanced uptake of the antibacterial component.
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